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Remanufacturing of Medical Devices: Guidance for Industry, Entities That Perform Servicing or Remanufacturing, and Food and Drug Administration Staff

FinalCenter for Devices and Radiological Health Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research05/10/2024

Description

Medical devices encompass a vast array of products with different technologies, product lifecycles, complexity, intended users, and environments of use. Many devices are reusable and need preventive maintenance and repair during their useful life. For these devices, proper servicing is critical to their continued safe and effective use. However, there is a lack of clarity regarding the distinction between "servicing" and "remanufacturing" of a device. Most notably, remanufacturing has implications for the regulatory responsibilities of entities performing these activities.

Scope & Applicability

Product Classes

5
Medical Devices

Medical devices intended for human use; Approved or cleared medical devices

Manual drill

A stainless steel manual drill is intended to be used in the implantation of orthopedic devices

Class III Device

Generally recommended for Enhanced Documentation; Regulatory classification mentioned for implantable sensors and HPV tests; Mentioned in the context of an in vitro nucleic acid test for CMV DNA.

Class II Device

Devices subject to section 522 postmarket surveillance orders; devices subject to postmarket surveillance orders

Class I Device

Low risk medical devices

Stakeholders

4
Remanufacturer

Entity that significantly changes finished device performance

Original Equipment Manufacturer

Entity that established original safety and performance specifications

Third party servicer

Entities other than OEM that maintain or repair devices

OEM

Original Equipment Manufacturer whose specifications are used as a baseline.; Original Equipment Manufacturer of the finished device; The flow rate accuracy fell outside the OEM's specified accuracy range; Original Equipment Manufacturer of the device or components.; Original Equipment Manufacturer providing parts and instructions.

Regulatory Context

Attributes

2
Intended use

Significant changes to intended use are likely remanufacturing.; The purpose for which the device is used, which must not change.

Energy type

Type of power input to or output from the device.

Identified Hazards

Hazards

9
Adverse Events

Safety concerns linked to inadequate servicing or remanufacturing

Unintended device movement

Risk introduced by remote control functionality.

Accidental device reset

Risk introduced by remote customer service capabilities.

Electromagnetic compatibility

A risk factor (EMC) considered when adding an adapter.

Safety hazard

Risk of burning a patient due to improper cooling of a TMS coil.

Patient under-dosing

increased fatigue on the administration set is more likely to lead to patient under-dosing

Risk to Health

Safety concern triggering correction or removal

Electrostatic Shock

example of a new risk identified during assessment

New risk

New risks may lead FDA to modify previous feedback.

Related CFR Sections (4)

Related Warning Letters (10)

  • CGMP/QSR/Medical Devices/Adulterated

    Envoy Medical Inc.

    2025-12-09
  • CGMP/QSR/Medical Devices/Adulterated

    Hong Qiangxing Shenzhen Electronics Limited

    2025-11-25
  • CGMP/QSR/Medical Devices/Adulterated

    Contec Medical Systems Co., Ltd.

    2025-10-28
  • CGMP/QSR/Medical Devices/Adulterated/Misbranded

    Royal Philips

    2025-10-28
  • CGMP/QSR/Medical Devices/Adulterated/Misbranded

    Qianjiang Kingphar Medical Material Co Ltd.

    2025-10-28
  • CGMP/QSR/Medical Devices/Adulterated

    LEVO AG

    2025-10-21
  • CGMP/QSR/Medical Devices/Adulterated

    Technological Medical Advancements LLC

    2025-10-07
  • Medical Device Reporting/Misbranded

    Insung Medical Co. Ltd.

    2025-09-30
  • Medical Device/Adulterated/Misbranded/Lacks PMA and/or 510(k)

    The Richline Group, Inc.

    2025-09-23
  • Investigational Device Exemptions (IDE)/Premarket Approval Application (PMA) Adulterated Device

    SeniorLife Technologies, Inc.

    2025-09-16

See Also (8)