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Guidance for Industry: Acrylamide in Foods

FinalHuman Foods Program03/11/2016

Description

This guidance provides information to help growers, manufacturers, and food service operators reduce acrylamide levels in certain foods.

Scope & Applicability

Product Classes

10
Sliced potato chips

Potato product category subject to acrylamide mitigation strategies.

Bakery products

Includes gingerbread, biscuits, cookies, and crackers.

Frozen french fries

product requiring specific cooking instructions to reduce acrylamide

Coffee

significant source of acrylamide exposure for adults

Breakfast cereals

food category where glycine and acidulants are used for mitigation

Fabricated potato chips

products made from dehydrated potato products like flakes or granules

Potato-based foods

Includes french fries and potato chips.

Cereal-based foods

Includes cookies, crackers, breakfast cereals, and toasted bread.; foods such as bread, crackers, and breakfast cereals; category of food products including cookies, crackers, and bread; Food category reviewed for level reduction; Category of food including breakfast cereals and bread rolls.

French fries

Finished potato product subject to acrylamide reduction strategies.; Potato product category subject to acrylamide mitigation strategies.; Fried potato products subject to acrylamide mitigation

Potato chips

Finished potato product subject to acrylamide reduction strategies.; sliced potato products subject to acrylamide mitigation; Potato-based snacks discussed in mitigation studies

Stakeholders

5
Growers

Entities involved in the raw material stage of food production.

Food service workers

personnel to be educated on frying techniques

Manufacturers

Responsible for declaring acceptable market names on labels.

Food service operators

Entities preparing food for consumption.

Manufacturer

Entity responsible for submitting NDINs

Regulatory Context

Attributes

10
Moisture

A characteristic that can be monitored as a proxy for acrylamide.

Dough holding time

aging of sweet cookie dough affecting acrylamide formation

Moisture level

indicator of acrylamide levels in finished products

Dough pH

factor affecting asparaginase activity

Thermal input

combination of time and temperature during cooking

Sulfur deficiency

soil condition leading to greater asparagine formation in wheat

Moisture endpoints

final moisture levels in fabricated chips ranging from 1.65 to 2.2 percent

Color

Must be at least as conspicuous as that used for the name of the menu item.

Cold sweetening

Development of higher levels of reducing sugars in response to cold temperatures.; Physiological state in potatoes affecting precursor levels

Moisture content

A material attribute CPP, such as moisture content, should have the same target value across scales.

Identified Hazards

Hazards

3
Human carcinogen

Benzene is identified as a known human carcinogen.

3-monochloropropanediol

undesirable chemical byproduct (3-MCPD) favored by low pH

Acrylamide

Subject of Codex Code of Practice for reduction in foods; Chemical contaminant in foods; Process-contaminant hazard in certain plant-based foods.

Related CFR Sections (1)

See Also (1)