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Obesity and Overweight: Developing Drugs and Biological Products for Weight Reduction

DraftCenter for Drug Evaluation and Research01/07/2025
PharmacokineticsPharmacodynamics

Description

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or Agency) is announcing the availability of a draft guidance for industry entitled “Obesity and Overweight: Developing Drugs and Biological Products for Weight Reduction.”  This guidance provides recommendations to industry regarding the development of drugs and biological products regulated within the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research intended for reduction and long-term maintenance of body weight in patients with obesity or overweight.  This guidance revises and replaces the draft guidance for industry “Developing Products for Weight Management” issued in February 2007.

Key Topics

Terms and concepts identified from this document

Scope & Applicability

Product Classes

3
Biological Products

Requires analytical comparability per ICH Q5E

Fixed-combination drug product

FCDP consisting of two or more active ingredients combined at a fixed dosage

Weight-reduction drug

Investigational products intended for long-term weight maintenance; Efficacy of a weight-reduction drug in adults should be assessed by analyses of mean percentage change from baseline body weight

Stakeholders

2
Sponsors

Assist sponsors in the nonclinical evaluation

Sponsor

Entity responsible for submitting applications under section 524B

Regulatory Context

Regulatory Activities

3
Phase 3 Clinical Trials

Clinical assessment of weight-reduction drugs; Pivotal trials to examine efficacy and safety of weight-reduction drugs

Integrated analyses of safety data

Safety data commonly integrated across studies

End-of-phase 2 meeting

Timeline for submitting pediatric study plans

Document Types

5
Clinical outcome assessments

Used to support labeling claims

Drug labeling

Secondary efficacy endpoints intended for drug labeling

Statistical analysis plan

include the overall strategy for handling different intercurrent events... in the statistical analysis plan

Diversity plan

Plan to account for higher prevalence of obesity in certain racial groups

COA measures

Assessments of clinical outcomes from fit-for-purpose COA measures

Attributes

5
Body Mass Index

expressed as kilograms of weight divided by height in meters squared (kg/m²); percentage change in body weight equals percentage change in BMI

Type 1 error rate

Controlled across all clinically relevant secondary efficacy endpoints

BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m²

Eligibility criteria for weight reduction trials

BMI

Body Mass Index used for weight classification and estimating adiposity

Type 1 error

prespecified endpoints controlled for type 1 error

Technical Details

Substances

4
Lorcaserin

Cardiovascular safety in overweight or obese patients

Naltrexone-Bupropion

Effect on major adverse cardiovascular events

Semaglutide

Cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes

Metformin

Long-term effects on diabetes development

Testing Methods

10
C-SSRS

Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale

Waterfall plots

Graphs to illustrate the effect of the drug

Cumulative distribution functions

Graphs to illustrate the effect of the drug

Forest plots

Recommended to facilitate assessment of integrated trial results

Analysis of covariance

Analysis of percentage weight change from baseline

Analysis of variance

Analysis of percentage weight change from baseline

Tipping point analyses

Help evaluate how sensitive observed results are to assumptions

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

DXA for measurement of body composition in pediatric subjects

DXA

measurement of body composition by DXA

Sensitivity Analyses

Statistical considerations in clinical trials

Processes

3
Weight Reduction

defined as a long-term reduction in excess adiposity

PK studies

Pharmacokinetic studies required for FCDPs

Nonclinical Safety Evaluation

Required before initiating long-term clinical studies

Clinical Concepts

10
Obesity

chronic disease characterized by excess adiposity; Defined as BMI at or above 30 kg/m² in adults or 95th percentile in children; patients with obesity or overweight; Developing drugs and biological products for weight reduction

Adverse events

Safety findings including deaths and post-mortem examinations

Medication-induced weight gain

Weight gain caused by psychotropic or anticonvulsant agents

Overweight

body mass index (BMI) classified as overweight who also have weight-related comorbidities; Defined as BMI 25-29.9 kg/m² in adults or 85th percentile in children; patients with obesity or overweight; Developing drugs and biological products for weight reduction

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

major comorbidities associated with excess adiposity; Common weight-related comorbidity

Hypertension

comorbidity associated with obesity; Common weight-related comorbidity; Weight-related comorbidity

Dyslipidemia

comorbidity associated with obesity; Common weight-related comorbidity; Weight-related comorbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

comorbidity associated with obesity

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

manifestations of obesity beyond excess adiposity

Osteoarthritis

manifestations of obesity beyond excess adiposity

Identified Hazards

Hazards

1
Simpson's paradox

Confounding that can occur when pooling trials with different randomization ratios

Standards & References

External Standards

2
ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018

Assessment and management of hypoglycemia

International Hypoglycaemia Study Group 2017

Hypoglycemia safety should be monitored and reported consistent with published guidelines

Specifications

4
Primary efficacy endpoint

Efficacy endpoints in Phase 3 trials

Mean percentage change in body weight

Primary efficacy endpoint for weight-reduction drug trials

Mean percentage change from baseline body weight

Primary efficacy endpoint for weight-reduction drugs

5% weight reduction

difference in mean percentage weight reduction between the investigational drug and control-treated groups is at least 5%

ICH References (3)

ICH M12

Guidance for drug interaction studies; Cited for drug-drug interaction evaluations

ICH E9(R1)

Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials: Addendum: Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials

ICH E1A

The Extent of Population Exposure to Assess Clinical Safety: For Drugs Intended for Long-term Treatment of Non-Life-Threatening Conditions

Related CFR Sections (1)

Related MFDS Guidelines

Korean regulatory guidelines covering similar topics

See Also (1)

Obesity and Overweight: Developing Drugs and Biological Products for Weight Reduction | Guideline Explorer | BioRegHub